Past Currency Exchange Rate

Few topics in international economics are as controversial as the choice of an exchange rate regime. Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s, countries have adopted a wide variety of regimes, ranging from pure floats at one extreme to currency boards and dollarization at the other. While a vast theoretical literature explores the choice and consequences of exchange rate regimes, the abundance of possible effects makes it difficult to establish clear relationships between regimes and common macroeconomic policy targets such as inflation and growth.This book takes a systematic look at the evidence on macroeconomic performance under alternative exchange rate regimes, drawing on the experience of some 150 member countries of the International Monetary Fund over the past thirty years. Among other questions, it asks whether pegging the exchange rate leads to lower inflation, whether floating exchange rates are associated with faster output growth, and whether pegged regimes are particularly prone to currency and other crises. The book draws on history and theory to delineate the debate and on standard statistical methods to assess the empirical evidence, and includes a CD-ROM containing the data set used.

Research programs in economics usually emerge from the intersection between a new analytical approach and a real economic problem. In the past few years, such a program has emerged in international monetary economics, which is underpinned by a theoretical framework grounded in stochastic calculus and the increasing prominence in the real world of the international monetary arrangements under which national monetary authorities attempt to keep exchange rates within bands or "target zones." This new program of research also covers switches in exchange rate regimes. This volume from the Centre for Economic Policy Research (UK) and the National Bureau of Economic Research (US) includes contributions from most of the active participants in the development of this new field, and will serve as a useful introduction to this new research program.

Floating exchange rate - A floating exchange rate or a flexible exchange rate is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currency's value is allowed to fluctuate according to the foreign exchange market. A currency that uses a floating exchange rate is known as a floating currency.

Fixed exchange rate - A fixed exchange rate, sometimes (less commonly) called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currency's value is matched to the value of another single currency or to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold. As the reference value rises and falls, so does the currency pegged to it.

Interest Rate Parity - Interest rate parity is the name given to a theory that proposes that the interest rate difference between two countries' currencies is equal to the percentage difference between the forward exchange rate and the spot exchange rate. If S is the spot exchange rate (the price of the foreign currency in local currency for immediate delivery), f is the forward exchange rate, r is the continuously compounded interest rate of the local currency, r^* is the continuously compounded interest rate of ...

Linked exchange rate - A linked exchange rate system is a type of exchange rate regime to link the exchange rate of a currency to another.

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